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Journal of Differential Geometry 57 (2001), 409-441.

The Willmore flow with small initial energy

Ernst Kuwert & Reiner Schätzle

Abstract:

We consider the $L^2$ gradient flow for the Willmore functional. In [KS] it was proved that the curvature concentrates if a singularity develops. Here we show that a suitable blowup converges to a nonumbilic (compact or noncompact) Willmore surface. Furthermore, an $L^\infty$ estimate is derived for the tracefree part of the curvature of a Willmore surface, assuming that its $L^2$ norm (the Willmore energy) is locally small. One consequence is that a properly immersed Willmore surface with restricted growth of the curvature at infinity and small total energy must be a plane or a sphere. Combining the results we obtain long time existence and convergence to a round sphere if the total energy is initially small.