Bo\'az Klartag (The Weizmann Institute of Science)
Isoperimetric inequalities in high-dimensional convex sets
10:15 • ETH Zentrum, Rämistrasse 101, Zürich, Building HG, Room G 43
Sokratis Zikas
Automorphisms of smooth hypersurfaces and Gizatullin\'s problem abstract
Abstract:
Let $X_d \\subset \\mathbb{P}^{n+1}$ be a smooth hypersurface of degree d. Classical theorems of Matsumura-Monsky and Chang state that every automorphism of $X_d$ is the restriction of a linear automorphism of the ambient space, except in the two exceptional cases (n,d) = (1,3) and (2,4). Nonetheless, when (n,d) = (1,3), every automorphism of $X_3$ can be realized as the restriction of a birational map of $\\mathbb{P}^{2}$. Gizatullin’s problem concerns the last open case, i.e. which automorphisms of a smooth quartic surface $X_4 \\subset \\mathbb{P}^{3}$ are restrictions of birational selfmaps of the ambient space.In this talk we will employ the machinery of log Calabi-Yau pairs, and more specifically that of the volume preserving Sarkisov program, to completely address Gizatullin’s problem for the general non-trivial case: smooth quartics of Picard rank 2. We will see that the answer can be either positive or negative, the dependence being on the existence of certain curves on the quartic. This is joint work with Carolina Araujo and Daniela Paiva.
10:15 • EPF Lausanne, CM 013
Damian Osajda (Copenhagen / Wroclaw)
Drilling Hyperbolic Groups abstract
Abstract:
Drilling a closed hyperbolic 3-manifold along an embedded geodesic is a crucial technique in low-dimensional topology, transforming the fundamental group of the manifold into a relatively hyperbolic group. In this talk, we extend this concept by proving that, under appropriate conditions, a similar "drilling" operation can be applied to a (Gromov) hyperbolic group with the 2-sphere boundary.Our primary motivations and applications revolve around the Cannon Conjecture, which states that if the Gromov boundary of a hyperbolic group is homeomorphic to the 2-sphere, then the group is virtually (i.e., up to a finite-index subgroup) the fundamental group of a closed 3-manifold of constant negative curvature. We also explore the relatively hyperbolic counterpart—the Toral Relative Cannon Conjecture.Using drilling, we show that if the Toral Relative Cannon Conjecture holds, then the Cannon Conjecture is valid for all residually finite hyperbolic groups. The Toral Relative Cannon Conjecture appears more accessible, owing to the presence of additional structure—abelian parabolic subgroups.This is joint work with Daniel Groves, Peter Haïssinsky, Jason Manning, Alessandro Sisto, and Genevieve Walsh.
13:00 • ETH Zentrum, Rämistrasse 101, Zürich, Building HG, Room G 19.2
Bruno Cavalar
Monotone circuit complexity of matching abstract
Abstract:
We show that the perfect matching function on $n$-vertex graphs requires monotone circuits of size $2^{n^{\\Omega(1)}}$. This improves on the $n^{\\Omega(\\log n)}$ lower bound of Razborov (1985). Our proof uses the standard approximation method together with a new sunflower lemma for matchings.
14:00 • EPF Lausanne, INJ114
Hans Jocker (Uni Mainz)
Wilson Loop Algebras and Quantum K-Theory abstract
Abstract:
In this talk we discuss certain aspects of Wilson line operators in 3d N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories with a Higgs branch that is geometrically described by complex projective varieties. We discuss the relationship between Wilson loop algebras of the gauge theory and the quantum K-theoretic ring of the associated complex projective variety.
14:00 • Université de Genève, Conseil Général 7-9, Room 1-05
Clemens Bannwart
Tagged barcodes for Morse-Smale vector fields abstract
Abstract:
In this talk I will present some new invariants for Morse-Smale vector fields. In the first part of the talk we consider the gradient-like case, where we construct an invariant called ‘tagged barcode’. We start by considering the Morse complex, which is a chain complex defined in terms of singular points and flow lines of the vector field and whose homology is isomorphic to the homology of the underlying manifold. We then identify a sequence of pairs of singular points along which we can simplify the Morse complex. Recording the distances between the pairs we simplified yields the tagged barcode. In the second part of the talk we include closed orbits into our analysis, presenting a different method where we use a filtration of the manifold by unstable manifolds first described by Smale. We consider the spectral sequence associated with this filtration and then rearrange the algebraic information in order to obtain a chain complex. This is joint work with Claudia Landi. The content of the first part can be found on arXiv (identifier 2401.08466), the content of the second part is work in progress.
Pragya Sur (Harvard University)
Data Integration: Challenges and Opportunities for Interpolation Learning under Distribution Shifts abstract
Abstract:
Min-norm interpolators emerge naturally arise as implicit regularized limits of modern machine learning algorithms. Recently, their out-of-distribution risk was studied when test samples are unavailable during training. However, in many applications, a limited amount of test data is typically available during training. Properties of min-norm interpolation in this setting are not well understood. In this talk, I will present a characterization of the risk of pooled min-L2-norm interpolation under covariate and concept shifts. I will show that the pooled interpolator captures both early fusion and a form of intermediate fusion. Our results have several implications. For example, under concept shift, adding data always hurts prediction when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. However, for higher signal-to-noise ratios, transfer learning helps as long as the shift-to-signal ratio lies below a threshold that I will define. Our results also show that under covariate shift, if the source sample size is small relative to the dimension, heterogeneity between domains improves the risk. Time permitting, I will introduce a novel anisotropic local law that allows to achieve some of these characterizations and is of independent interest in random matrix theory. This is based on joint work with Kenny Gu, Yanke Song and Sohom Bhattacharya.
15:00 • ETH Zentrum, Rämistrasse 101, Zürich, Building HG, Room G 19.1
Philippe Rigollet (MIT)
A Mathematical Perspective on Transformers abstract
Abstract:
Since their introduction in 2017, Transformers have revolutionized large language models and the broader field of deep learning. Central to this success is the groundbreaking self-attention mechanism. In this presentation, I’ll introduce a mathematical framework that casts this mechanism as a mean-field interacting particle system, revealing a desirable long-time clustering behavior. This perspective leads to a trove of fascinating questions with unexpected connections to Kuramoto oscillators, sphere packing, Wasserstein gradient flows, and slow dynamics.Please register on the following form : https://forms.gle/M5pYkYZ3uMqTLHqS9
16:00 • EPF Lausanne, CM 1 105
Havva Yoldas (Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics)
Deriving diffusion equations from nonlinear kinetic equations abstract
Abstract:
<p>We will derive a class of nonlinear diffusion equations (covering both porous media and fast diffusion equations) as the hydrodynamic limit of a class of nonlinear, spatially inhomogeneous kinetic equations of BGK-type. These equations share the same superlinearity as the Boltzmann equation and fall into the class of run and tumble equations appearing in mathematical biology. We will look at the Cauchy problem under the parabolic scaling and also provide a quantitative nonlinear hypocoercivity result. The derivation is based on both the hypocoercivity and relative entropy methods. The talk is based on a joint work with Daniel Morris (TU Delft) and Josephine Evans (University of Warwick).</p>
16:00 • ETH Zentrum, Rämistrasse 101, Zürich, Building HG, Room G 19.2
Maxim Kontsevich (IHES Paris)
Fractional dimensions of critical loci abstract
Abstract:
With a critical locus of a holomorphic function, one can associate a certain rational number that can be thought of as a "dimension." This dimension can be determined in different ways: via analysis, Hodge theory, or triangulated categories. Singularities with a dimension less than one are precisely the isolated simple ones classified by Arnold, which correspond to the simply laced Dynkin diagrams
16:15 • Université de Genève, Conseil Général 7-9, Room 1-15
Sonja Greven (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin)
Additive Density Regression abstract
Abstract:
We present structured additive regression models to model probability density functions given scalar covariates. To preserve nonnegativity and integration to one, we formulate our models for densities in a Bayes Hilbert space with respect to an arbitrary finite measure. This enables us to not only consider continuous densities, but also, e.g., discrete densities (compositional data) or mixed densities. Mixed densities occur in our application motivated by research on gender identity norms and the distribution of the woman’s share in a couple’s total labor income, as the woman’s income share is a continuous variable having discrete point masses at zero and one for single-earner couples. We show how to handle the challenging case of mixed densities using an orthogonal decomposition. We discuss interpretation of effect functions in our model via odds-ratios. We consider two cases: First, where densities are observed and are directly used as responses. Second, when only individual scalar realizations of the conditional distributions are observed, but not the whole conditional densities, we use our additive regression approach to model the conditional density given covariates. We show approximate equivalence of the resulting Bayes space penalized likelihood to a certain penalized Poisson likelihood, facilitating estimation. We apply our framework to a motivating gender economic data set from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) to analyze the distribution of the woman’s share in a couple’s total labor income, given year, place of residence and age of the youngest child. Results show a more symmetric distribution in East German than in West German couples after German reunification and a smaller child penalty comparing couples with and without minor children. These West-East differences become smaller, but are persistent over time.
16:30 • ETH Zentrum, Rämistrasse 101, Zürich, Building HG, Room D 7.2
Hezekiah Grayer
Radiative Vlasov-Maxwell equations abstract
Abstract:
<p><span style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none;">In the radiative Vlasov-Maxwell equations, the Lorentz force is modified by the addition of radiation reaction forces. The radiation forces produce damping of particle energy but the forces are no longer divergence-free in momentum space, which has an effect of concentration to zero momentum. We prove unconditional global regularity of solutions for a class of radiative Vlasov-Maxwell equations with large initial data. This is joint work with Peter Constantin.</span></p>
17:00 • ETH Zentrum, Rämistrasse 101, Zürich, Building HG, Room G 19.2